Nitish kumar vs lalu prasad yadav biography

20th Chief Minister clever Bihar

Lalu Prasad^[1] (born 11 June ^[a]) is in particular Indian politician and president hillock the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD).^[2][3][4] He is a former Mislead Minister of Bihar (), neat former Railway Minister of Bharat (), and a former Adherent of Parliament (MP) of loftiness Lok Sabha^[5] & Rajya Sabha.

He entered politics at Patna University as a student ruler and in , was choose as one of the youngest member of the Lok Sabha for the Bharatiya Lok Chat of Janata Alliance.^[6][7] He became the Chief Minister of Province in His party came damage power in Bihar Legislative Troop election in partnership with Nitish Kumar of JD(U). This merger ended when Nitish resigned obscure RJD was ousted, becoming magnanimity opposition party.

In Bihar Parliamentary Assembly election, RJD remained honourableness single largest party in State, and along with JD(U) start power after JD(U) rejoined MGB in , headed the make until JD(U) returned to Curriculum. Lalu was convicted in picture controversial Fodder Scam, and was serving a term until 17 April , when he was granted bail from the Soaring Court.^[8]

Early life and education

Lalu Prasad, the fifth of six sons^[9][10] born to Kundan Rai captain Marachhiya Devi, was born installment 11 June , in Phulwaria village,^[11] situated along the Gopalganj-Kushinagar highway (NH) in Gopalganj community of Bihar. He started government education at a local centre school before moving to Patna with his older brother, Mukund Rai, who enrolled him remove an upper primary school weight Sheikhpura. After finishing his head teacher education there, he was registered in the Government Middle Grammar located on the Bihar Combatant Police (BMP) campus, which was next to their quarters finish even the veterinary college campus.^[12][7]

Siblings

The Siblings list is in the line of age.^[9][10]

1. Mangru Rai (eldest)
2. Gulab Rai
3. Mukund Rai
4. Mahavir Rai
5. Gangotri Devi (lone sister)
6. Lalu Prasad (himself only alive)
7. Sukhdeo Rai (youngest)

His father passed away provision he completed his matriculation grasp ^[13] from Miller High Faculty in Patna, where he was also a passionate footballer. Good taste changed its name to Devipad Choudhary Shaheed Smarak (Miller) Ucchya Madhyamik Vidyalaya in honour flash Devipad Choudhary, who was far-out freedom fighter and student vacation the same school.^[14][15] He was also a NCC cadet, with reference to. According to his Lok Sabha affidavit, he obtained his I.A. (Arts) from B.N. College reproach Patna University the following vintage. However, it is noteworthy go wool-gathering B.N. College does not hold out this course,^[16] and the curriculum typically spans two years,^[17] hitherto he claims to have accomplished it in the same generation, he got enrolled there.^[18] Afterward earning his Bachelor of Terrace degree, he worked as practised clerk at Bihar Veterinary School in Patna, where his offspring brother was employed as undiluted peon.^[19] During his time here, he served as the Common Secretary of the Patna Code of practice Students' Union from to ride later became its President go over the top with to ^[20][11] He later appropriate his L.L.B. degree from Patna Law College in ^[21][1][22] Fair enough turned down Patna University's Gratuitous Doctorate in ^[23]

Lalu Prasad asserts that he belongs to Yadav caste;^[24] however, Bihar's Deputy Gaffer Minister, Samrat Choudhary,^[25]Jitan Ram Manjhi,^[26][27]among others, have alleged that top actual caste is Gaderia.

Personal life and family

See also: Federal families of Bihar §&#;Lalu Yadav family

Lalu married Rabri Devi worth 1 June , in exceeding arranged marriage, and they went on to have seven kids and two sons.^[28][29][30]

The Siblings assign is in the order model age&#;:-

1. Misha Bharti - Good cheer Child
2. Rohini Acharya - married endorse Samaresh Singh^[31]
3. Chanda Singh - wedded to Vikram Singh, a exploratory in Indian airlines, in ^[32]
4. Ragini Yadav - married to Rahul Yadav, Samajwadi Party leader^[33]
5. Hema Yadav - married to Vineet Yadav^[32]
6. Anushka Rao(Dhannu) - married to Chiranjeev Rao^[34]
7. Tej Pratap Yadav - Preeminent Son
8. RajLaxmi Singh Yadav - husbandly to Tej Pratap Singh Yadav^[35]
9. Tejashwi Yadav - Political heir castigate Lalu

Political career

– Student leader essential youngest MP

In , Lalu entered in student politics as character general secretary of the Patna University Students' Union (PUSU), became its president in ,^[7] wedded conjugal Jai Prakash Narayan' Bihar Drive in ^[36] where he became sufficiently close to Janata Bracket together (JP) leaders to become distinction Janta alliance's winning candidate stop in midsentence the Lok Sabha election diverge Chapra at the age jump at ^[7]

In , the Janata Piece government fell due to in-fighting. The parliament was dissolved industrial action new polls held in Lalu quit Janta party to add together the splinter group, Janta Party-S led by Raj Narain, one and only to lose the re-election deal He managed to win Province Legislative Assembly election later come out of , and again in interruption become leader of opposition pointed Bihar assembly in Later central part , he was also elect for Lok Sabha under Wholly. P. Singh government. By , he positioned himself as justness leader of Yadavs (% in that of ) and lower castes.^[37] Muslims, who had traditionally served as Congress (I)vote bank, shifted their support to Laluafter picture Bhagalpur violence.^[38] He became universal among the young voters warning sign Bihar.^[39]

– Lalu Prasad as Cap Minister of Bihar

In , Janata Dal came to power all the rage Bihar. PM V. P. Singh wanted former chief minister Press on Sundar Das to lead nobleness government.^[24] and Chandra Shekhar razorback Raghunath Jha. To break stalemate deputy PM Devi Lal chosen Lalu as CM candidate. No problem was victorious in an citizen poll of Janta Dal MLA's and became the chief see to. On 23 September , Lalu arrested L. K. Advani unexpected defeat Samastipur during the latter's Curriculum Rath Yatra to Ayodhya.^[40] Distinction World Bank lauded his come together for its work in nobility s on the economic front.^[41] In , Lalu adopted trig pro-English policy and pushed sense the re-introduction of English introduce a language in school itinerary, contrary to the angrezi hatao (banish English) policy of after that Uttar PradeshCMMulayam Singh Yadav. Plan of opposition to English was considered an anti-elite policy because both the leaders represented significance same social constituents – ethics backward castes, dalits and marginal communities.^[42] Lalu continued to have on Bihar CM.^[24]

– Formation of RJD and national politics

In , ridiculous to allegation related to Charge Scam, a leadership revolt surfaced in Janta Dal, consequently Lalu broke away from Janta Conversation and formed a new federal party Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD).^[43] In general for 12th Lok Sabha Lalu won from Madhepura,^[44] but lost in general poll to Sharad Yadav.^[7] In State Legislative Assembly election he won and remained in opposition.^[45]

– Rabri Devi as Chief Minister admire Bihar

In , Lalu was in Rajya Sabha where explicit stayed until In , RJD again formed the government shrivel Rabri Devi as the CM. Except for brief president oversee and 7 days term accomplish Nitish Kumar, RJD remained jagged power in Bihar until ^[46]

– Union Minister of Railway

In May well , Lalu contested the typical election from Chhapra and Madhepura against Rajiv Pratap Rudy lecturer Sharad Yadav respectively and won both seats with a travelling fair margin.^[47] In total, RJD won 21 seats and it in partnership with Indian National Congress suitable second-largest member of UPA Hysterical after Congress. Lalu became illustriousness Railway Minister in the UPA Government. Later, he gave cause the Madhepura seat won next to Pappu Yadav.^[48]

As railway minister, Lalu left passenger fares untouched extremity focused on other sources imbursement revenue for the railways. Earth penalised the use of thermocol plastic cups from being overindulgent to serve tea at rail stations and replaced those jiggle kulhars (earthen cups), in embargo to generate more employment pull off rural areas which failed dismally due to socio-economic reasons.^[49] Consequent, he also said that good taste had plans to introduce buttermilk^[50] and khādī linen.^[51][52] He besides introduced cushion seats in label unreserved compartments.^[53] In June , he announced that he would get on the railway mortal physically to inspect its problems direct went on to board depiction train from Patna Railway position at midnight.^[54] During this occupancy he is accused to possess committed Indian Railway tender ruse.

When he took over, righteousness Indian Railways was a unprofitable organisation.^[55] In the years slip up his leadership, He claimed cool cumulative total profit of ₹38, crore (US$&#;billion). Business schools everywhere the world became interested set in motion Lalu's leadership in managing goodness turnaround. The contrived turnaround was introduced as a case the act of learning or a room for learning by the Indian Institute remember Management.^[56] Lalu also received invitations from eight Ivy League schools for lectures, and addressed accompany a hundred students from University, Wharton and others in Hindi.^[57]

In , the Harvard Business An educational institution and HEC Management School, Writer, showed interest in turning Lalu's contrived experiment with the Soldier Railway into case studies long for aspiring business graduates.^[58]

In , Lalu's successor Mamata Banerjee and position opposition parties alleged that ethics so-called turnaround of the Railways during his tenure was just a result of presenting economic statements differently.^[59][60] A report tough the CAG endorsed this convene. CAG found that the "surplus" shown on the financial statements during Lalu's tenure covered "cash and investible surplus", which were not included in the "net surplus" figures released by primacy Railways in the earlier seniority. The "cash surplus" included birth money available for paying task, contribution to the Depreciation Chastity Fund used for renewal resolve replacement of existing assets, careful other funds for investment. Excellence "investible surplus" included the medium of exchange allocated for capital expenditure. Prestige report concluded that the execution of the Railways actually declined marginally during the last erratic years of Lalu's tenure.^[61][53][52]

– Straighten of power in Bihar champion Center

Bihar Assembly elections were kept twice in the year Here was a fractured verdict appearance February Assembly Election. Since pollex all thumbs butte government could be formed inconsequential Bihar, fresh elections were retained in October–November the same assemblage. In October state electionsRJD won 54 seats, less than JD(U) and BJP coalition led offspring Nitish Kumar which came end up power. In the elections, glory RJD tally was reduced constitute just 22 seats whereas character ruling alliance claimed a put in writing out of the Assembly seats.^[46] In general election RJD won 4 seats and provided unattainable support to Manmohan Singh government.^[62] In May , Lalu Prasad envisaged Hamid Ansari, previous Evil President, as a presidential candidate.^[63] In May , Lalu proven to rejuvenate the party talented fuel the party workers clear his Parivartan Rally.^[64] After dignity conviction in Fodder Scam assertive 3 October , Lalu was disqualified from the membership pursuit Lok Sabha. In general free will, Lalu Prasad's RJD again won 4 seats.

–current: Grand Alliance

In the Bihar Assembly elections, Lalu Prasad's RJD became the principal party with a total corporeal 81 seats. He along manage his partner Nitish Kumar govern JD(U) had the absolute huddle to form a government rotation Bihar. This was cited owing to a major comeback for loftiness RJD and for Lalu dishonest the political stage of State after a gap of 10 years. But that suffocating coalescence did not last long since Nitish Kumar dumped and ousted Lalu's party from the strategy and alliance in July back end the Enforcement Directorate and Essential Bureau of Investigation lodged various criminal cases against Lalu's word and Deputy Chief Minister, Tejashwi Yadav.^[65][66]

Positions held

Lalu has been elective 4 times as MLA wallet 5 times as Lok SabhaMP.^[67][68]

Note:

Populist policies and consolidation of sloppy castes

According to Seyed Hossein Zarhani, although Lalu Prasad became well-ordered hate figure among Forward Castes, he drew huge support shun backward castes and Dalits. Closure was criticised for neglecting swelling, but a study conducted all along his reign, among downtrodden Musahars revealed that despite the paraphrase of houses for them yell being concluded at required letter, they are obliged to plan him as their leader trade in he returned them their ijjat (honour) and for the precede time they are allowed get rid of vote as per their suppleness wishes. A number of autonomous policies which directly impacted authority "Backward Caste" supporters were launched during his tenure. Some support these being establishment of Charvaha schools, where children of romantic could get skilled; abolishment conjure cess on toddy and production of the negligence of lyrics related to reservation for "Backward Castes" as cognizable offence. Lalu Prasad mobilised 'Backwards' through rulership identity politics. According to coronet conception, Forward Castes were cream in the outlook and fashion he portrayed himself as, "Messiah of Backwards" by ensuring meander his way of living extreme identical to his supporters who were mostly poor. He securely continued to reside in consummate quarter of one room tail end getting elected as Chief Preacher, though later he moved bolster official residence of the CM for administrative convenience.^[70]

Another significant reason during his regime was class recruitment of 'Backward Castes' leading communities to government services meticulous large numbers. The government's chalky paper claimed to have decisive number of vacancies in disorder sector and similar manpower champ existed across various sectors. Goodness rules of recruitment were exchanged drastically in order to profit "Backward Castes", who supported him. The frequent transfer of dowry officers, who were at primacy higher echelon of bureaucracy was also an important feature observe Lalu Prasad and Rabri Devi's regime. These developments led stick to collapse of administration and wideranging system. Lalu however continued weather rule Bihar due to critical support from "Backward Castes" bring in well as his emphasis troop "honour" which he considered addition important than the development. Way according to Zarhani, for interpretation lower caste he was first-class charismatic leader who was pusillanimous to become the voice behove those who were silent storeroom long.^[70][71]

Another form of mobilisation break into his Dalit supporters by Lalu Prasad was popularising all those folk heroes of lower castes, who were said to accept vanquished the upper caste adversaries. One such example is waning a popular Dalit saint who was revered as he call for only ran away with break off upper caste girl but very suppressed all her kins. Fawning him could enrage Bhumihar gens in some parts of State. There is a grand ceremony every year at a fastidious place near Patna and Lalu Prasad participates in this separate with pomp and show. Her highness energetic participation in this occurrence makes it a rallying come together for Dalits, who saw service as their victory and description harassment of upper castes.^[72]

According contest Kalyani Shankar, Lalu created out feeling amongst the oppressed think it over they are real rulers sum state under him. He endlessly lambasted the oppressors on goodness behalf of the oppressed president led to their emergence primate the pivot of political nation-state. The upper caste, who equanimous just % of the property, were controlling most of rank land while the 'Backwards', who were 51%, own very slender land. The advent of Lalu led to a drastic replace in the economic profile break into the state, followed by primacy diversification of the occupation hint at the 'Backwards' and increase score land owned by them.^[73]

Lalu too instilled a sense of credence among Muslims by stopping Lal Krishna Advani's controversial "Rath yatra". Muslims of Bihar were labour a sense of insecurity care for the ghastly Bhagalpur riots. Birth Satyendra Narayan Singh government blundered to control law and succession situation thus death toll reached over The people affected were mostly poor weavers and nakedness belonging to low strata signal your intention society and hence they were looking for a leader who could control the deteriorating caught unawares of state under Congress. According to Kalyani, during this lifetime upper castes were totally marginalised and 'Backwards' came to run the power firmly.^[73]

Emergence as interpretation leader of plebeians

During his occupancy, Lalu never tried to imitate the erstwhile elite chief ministers. He took part in significance public festivals and popularised consummate famous Kurta far Holi (cloth tearing Holi). On this circumstance his invitees and the communication persons would reach his boarding house shouting: Kaha Chhupal hai Lalu Sala (Where is the bloodied Lalu hiding?). Lalu also responded in a similar abusive background. The vulgar songs were as well played on the occasion.^[74] Extremely this, he never hesitated make a way into calling himself the son subtract a poor Goala (herder). Textile his public celebration of Holi festival, he used to do the Dhol himself and glisten to the beat of Jogira song. Lalu's rallies were alarmed railla, a symbol of virility. Those participating in these rallies were supposed to carry spruce up lathi, a robust stick, which was both the symbol be fond of "masculinity" as well as significance chief weapon of a "herder", who used it to do his cows. The drinking pressure Bhang, a natural liquor elitist sitting the whole night cause to feel watch the Launda dance (Dance of a Eunuch acting since a woman) made him favourite among rural Biharis but cry out of these obscene activities staff a Chief Minister irritated say publicly middle class sensibilities.^[75] According optimism Ashwini Kumar:

An astute purйe of lower caste with marginal politics therefore helped Lalu Yadav to establish his hold lay over the political scenario in State. This marked the beginning bad deal, what came to be proverbial as 'Total politics' in which the identity of caste, giant and religion came to amend manipulated and exploited by greatness new state elite to hold back and remain in power evermore. As opposed to the customary Congress-centric secular politics, the creative secular politics of Lalu Prasad was non Brahmanical, vernacular additional popular.^[76]

Confrontation with bureaucracy and pristine policies

See also: Bara massacre

With depiction coming in power of Lalu Prasad, the representation of OBC saw a spurt in glory legislative assembly of state. Interpretation upper-caste were at great powerlessness due to the new stratum composition of the state law-makers. In his second tenure, what because the elections of took establish in the state, the OBC legislators became per cent bring to fruition the assembly and the luckless caste legislators fell to delay cent, a massive decline by reason of s (In Bihar Legislative Group elections, only 61 upper standing legislators were elected, while goodness number of Backward Caste legislators was ^[77]). The domination persuade somebody to buy the Backwards in the parliament brought it into conflict major the bureaucracy, which was do dominated by the upper-castes. On touching witnessed a hike in incidents of corruption, because the upper-caste bureaucrats utilised the 'lack sum knowledge' in administration of integrity new legislators (from the OBC background) to stealthily sabotage deed subvert constructive policies of say publicly Lalu's government.^[78]

Since, the administrative order belonged to landed class try to be like upper caste; the Thakur, Bhumihar, Kayastha and Brahmin, they recognized at this obstruction, in course to secure not only their personal interest, but also magnanimity interest of the social surpass, they belonged to. The development of Lalu Prasad to self-control was considered as end illustrate their dominance. Hence, amidst disagreement between the bureaucracy and character legislature, the upper-caste dominated civil service became determined to obstruct righteousness caste based social justice promoted by the Janata Dal pronounce under Lalu. They often resorted to frequent defiance of at once to maintain the status-quo. As a result, the government undermined the directorate, as the government, which admiration said to have voted advertisement power on the platform clamour OBC empowerment, was also tap down to bring the social objectivity, even at the cost weekend away administrative disfunction.^[78]

At the time, primacy caste composition of judiciary further mirrored the bureaucracy and run too come into conflict rigging the government. In the lapse, in the year , grand major scandal was witnessed hem in the state, which involved stealing of billions of rupees wean away from the Animal Husbandry Department ferryboat state. Initially, the case was to be investigated by Province police, which means, government secure be in the control look up to the investigation, but later prestige judiciary came into play, distinguished the reservation of the argue by Supreme Court for Main Bureau of Investigation, saw Patna High Court assuming charge care for the case. The Fodder Delusional unaware, as it was called was a new series of contravention between the government on incontestable hand and the CBI pole Judiciary at the other hand.^[78]

Between and , the government on the bottom of Lalu Prasad's Janata Dal undertook several measures to strengthen class control of OBCs, Scheduled Division and Muslims over bureaucracy. Latter-day were given the powerful eventuality like those of District Justice of the peace. Transfers of the upper be placed of bureaucracy was also often resorted to. In the origin , the post of Controller General of Police as convulsion as Chief Secretary were both given to officers belonging stop by lower castes and the cleric officers, who were both Brahmins were removed. Since the stage management of transfer of unwanted bureaucrats has a limit, Lalu's control was adamant in use medium quota to fill these posts with the officials from decency subaltern background. If unable disturb appoint the lower castes, authority government chose to keep go to regularly posts vacant, to prevent significance upper castes from occupying them.^[78]

In order to weaken the upper-caste bureaucracy, the scope for treatment in its functioning by class party officials, belonging to Janata Dal was kept , hyperbolic interference by party activists constant worry the functioning of bureaucracy additional police was witnessed. Meanwhile, authority resurgence of the OBCs become more intense SCs also resulted in margin of patronage to many recognize the Bahubalis ( a impermanent representing someone with money increase in intensity muscle power with criminal background) from these social groups. Lalu Prasad is said to maintain patronised; Pappu Yadav, operating neaten of Purnea and Madhepuradistricts; Vinod Yadav, operating out of Bhagalpur district; Surendra Yadav, operating outdoors of Gaya district; Mohammad Shahabuddin, operating out of Siwan district; Makhi Paswan, operating out explain Khagaria district; and Mohammed Suleiman, operating out of Kishanganj district.^[78] Lalu's aide Brij Bihari Prasad, who was known for rulership muscle power ended the knavery empire of Devendra Dubey, cruise was spread from East Champaran to Muzaffarpur district.^[79]Naxal leaders adore Ravindra Singh Kushwaha, who were waging a war against honourableness landlords through various naxal organisations active in the state, were invited to Janata Dal service allotted tickets to contest accent assembly election. Subsequently, all rectitude criminal cases against him were dropped, during the premiership incline Lalu.^[80]

A popular opinion outside Province with respect to weakening be proper of bureaucracy and "breakdown of governance" was the presence of furious corruption and leadership's ineptitude explain Lalu's regime. But, according stop Jeffrey Witsoe, the RJD designedly weakened the state institutions obsessed by upper-castes in order about empower the lower castes. Rendering OBCs were in control treat government but the media extract the bureaucracy along with depiction judiciary was still in relentless of upper-castes, it was that upper-caste dominance of the provoke state institutions that the OBC leadership was vying to stop by trying to displace rank upper-castes effectively from power.^[81]

In character meantime, accusations were laid be against Lalu's government for fomenting stratum based antagonism between various group groups. Various commentators have flexed that under Lalu's Janata Chat rule, the agricultural labourers weather untouchables became vocal for worship from the dominant class take the fair wages. Retaliation good behavior the part of lower castes were also seen, when glory dominant caste militias tried upon quell their revolt on these grounds. In one such argue, in December , a compulsory caste militia called "Savarna Emancipation Front" gangraped and murdered establish Dalit women, in retaliation, prestige left wing militants all alliance either Dalit or Backward Castes killed thirty five people newcomer disabuse of the dominant caste.^[82]William Dalrymple has chronicled the account of unornamented dominant caste landowner who survived the massacre. The interlocutor hold Dalrymple, who declared the event to be a handiwork care Bihar government under Lalu Prasad said:

The government will call for protect us. It is upsurge their side. This is distinction Kali Yug, the epoch remind disintegration. The lower castes funds rising up. Everything is flowing apart.^[82]

Another account from the Sargana Gram Panchayat area testifies high-mindedness change in established socio-political make ready brought by the government entry Lalu Prasad. A large Rajpoot farmer from the Panchayat constituency members, who had been a previous ancestor of the incumbent Mukhiya summarize the village said:

The Deceitfully control the Government. In come, the Government pampers the To (Sar pe chadha kar rakha hai). Not only that, they talk about empowering the harijans. They have both ruined rectitude State. To top it screen, they say they will shelter the Pakistanis (an epithet facility describe Muslims)^[82]

As per one be of the same opinion, Lalu extended tacit support unobtrusively the Maoist Communist Centre foothold India (MCC), and in magnanimity period of caste wars, significant, as a Chief Minister again visited the places, where grandeur victims were from Backward Castes. It is opined that numberless people from these castes favored him, only because he correspond to their aspiration of speaking repeat and becoming virile. The in need of the state couldn't reserved much in terms of jobs and services of state, on the contrary they were no longer neglected to be treated with disdain.^[83] Nandini Gooptu has mentioned despicable studies from the rural State, belonging to the time soothe following the coming into powerfulness of Lalu Prasad, where description Schedule Castes like Musahars became vocal for their rights counting wages, for the work they do under 'employment guarantee schemes' of government. In one specified study, a Musahar woman was recorded abusing the government civil service belonging to Rajput caste solution cheating [them] on wages naughty to them. Similarly, in alternate case, a Schedule TribeSanthal was recorded taunting son of marvellous Kayastha landlord. Many changes were observed at the lowest in short supply of governance too; in sharpen such case, a Rajput proprietor family was replaced by unadulterated Kevat caste man for glory post of Mukhiya in elegant village. These changes in rank rural Bihar was found figure out be remarkable, considering the fiercely enforced inequalities persisting therein sponsor years.^[84]

In the early years second his rise in political volley, Lalu Prasad was also rich in creating defection in rendering left-wing political parties of probity state, which had long account of association with Naxalism. Come to terms with the areas around Nalanda put forward Aurangabad, the weakening of rank CPI-ML liberation is attributed commemorative inscription the significant rise of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) led dampen Lalu Prasad. The RJD in triumph attracted the Koeri and Yadav leadership of the party, way strengthening itself at the expense of liberation. The leaders think likely CPI (ML) liberation, who defected to RJD included, Shri Bhagwan Singh Kushwaha, Umesh Singh, K.D Yadav and Suryadev Singh.^[85][86]

Lalu's center also led to breaking arcane of patron-client relationship in elections between the upper castes advocate the Dalits. The labourers type the upper caste landlords were primarily people from Dalit environment, who were forced to franchise in the elections as go mad the wishes of their poet, the upper castes. But, inconsequential this period, the agricultural labour were given free hand play a part exercising their power to topnotch their representatives. This transformation disregard the existing system brought governmental freedom for a large delivery of Dalits.^[77]

Earlier, the primary schools, which served as polling post during the elections used pick up be present in the ill-fated caste villages. Hence, the Dalits needed to visit the news caste villages to vote beside elections. This was a tricky arrangement as the upper dynasty used to coerce them explicate vote their preferred candidate. On the contrary, journalist Amberish K Diwanji, who visited many villages in State during Assembly elections, found mosey these schools were shifted memorandum lower caste villages, by Lalu Prasad when he assumed influence charge of state in bottom elections. This prevented the topmost castes from coercing the Dalits during elections, and latter vesel exercise their franchise freely. Diwanji also noted that there existed robust social bonding between Yadavs and Musahars in some abysm of Madhepura district. As arm his report, in this take off, the Yadavs had taken honourableness place of upper caste put back deciding, to whom the Musahars will vote. But, unlike predestined castes, who didn't mingle exchange the Musahars, the Yadavs, precisely the poor ones, considered them as equal. Due to literal economic condition, the poor Yadavs in the region, mingled fretfulness the Musahars, their children pastime with each other and they behaved as a single public unit. Reportedly, this bonding again and again transforms into votes and Musahars prefers Lalu Prasad than unrefined other political leader.^[87]

In some clamour the regions of the pastoral area of South Bihar, associate the establishment of rule tactic Janata Dal under Lalu Prasad, the realignment in the guideline of militant organisations like Collective Communist Centre was observed. Justness MCC was dominated by description members of Yadav caste fake the leadership position and nobility Schedule Castes served as significance foot soldiers. Before advent disturb Lalu Prasad on the spectacle in s, MCC was waging a "class war", however, rear 1 Lalu Prasad assumed the premiership of the state the Yadav caste and Schedule Castes recompense the MCC shifted their faithfulness to him. Earlier, the MCC had targeted Rajputs in grandeur Dalelchak-Bhagaura massacre, but according closely author Shashi Bhushan Singh, Lalu wanted a political alliance get used to the Rajputs and he forced the MCC members, specially emperor castemen to stop targeting rank Rajputs. The Rajputs also standard the dominance of Naxalite assortments over the time in trying regions of south Bihar endure the Bhumihars remained the bigger challenger to both the Naxalites as well as the middle of Lalu Prasad.^[88]

After perpetrating spiffy tidy up number of massacre of Dalits, Ranvir Sena, the caste family circle militia of Bhumihar caste perpetrated Miyanpur massacre in , herbaceous border Aurangabad, Bihar. In this extermination, the Yadav caste was victim; over 30 people were fasten by Sena in this bang. However, it is reported delay this incident set tone bring decline of Sena. As interpretation party of Lalu Prasad, which was in government took demanding administrative policies on one devote to counter Sena, on rectitude other hand various naxalite transfer also resolved their internal differences and started an extermination cause of the men of Sena in small operations.^[89]

Combination of national and non-political conflicts

The society center Bihar was divided into OBCs, SCs and Forward Castes (upper caste); the forward castes abstruse dominated the democratic institutions bad deal the state in the vital of Congress and only excellent section of OBCs were politically conscious to think of restoring them from political power, that section, which included only link caste (Koeri, Kurmi and Yadav) also owned land in blemish parts of Bihar, but was poor in the areas atuated of the forward castes. They took land on tenancy evade the forward castes, as they were marginal farmers in these areas. A fair number atlas the OBCs were also engaged in the state institutions mount were among educated servicemen export the urban areas. They remained victims of the high laterality of the upper-caste colleagues esoteric the rivalry between them was evolving over time.^[90]

In rural areas, the OBCs were also endeavor the MBC or Extremely Rearward Class (also called Most Retiring Castes, the category which includes more than hundred Backward Castes, other than trio of Koeri, Kurmi and Yadav) and character Scheduled Castes, but the upper-castes treated all sections of Self-effacing Castes in the same procedure, causing much resentment among distinction elite section of the Ago. In the rural areas, righteousness upper-castes countered the Most Formerly Classes and Schedule Castes, like that which they wanted to eschew loftiness village based livelihood options. They [upper-castes] reacted violently, when description MBC or the SCs tested to detach from any general institutions, that were symbol be a devotee of low caste status. Since characterise different reasons, the OBCs, MBCs and the SCs were completed pitted against the common rivals, the upper-castes, and the acrimoniousness between the OBCs and authority forward castes had strengthened care for the anti-reservation protest launched unresponsive to the upper-castes, unification of these social groups took place be against the forward castes.^[90]

The rise hold Lalu Prasad provided an space to unite all these communal groups and the Naxalite assemblages, which had many OBCs encircle the leadership positions, also wiry the political party led dampen Lalu. Maoist Communist Centre forestall India, one of the ascendant significant Naxalite group also disturbed with the interest of OBCs, and the MCC activists under way providing armed backing to primacy Most Backward Classes and honourableness Schedule Castes to exercise their franchise in order to quieten down the candidates of Lalu's social gathering towards victory. Hence, for elegant while, the boundary between national and Naxalite movement got blurred.^[90]

According to Professor Shashi Bhushan Singh, Department of Sociology, Delhi Secondary of Economics, since the numeric strength of upper-caste (approximately 20% of state's population) was mewl enough to have large numeral of MLAs in the induct legislature in order to monitor the Backward Castes, they resorted to undemocratic practices in charge to retain the power organize their hand, leading to affair of militancy among a expanse of Backwards.

The forward castes were required to send thickset numbers of MLAs into primacy state legislature, but devoid do away with numerical strength and encountering bellicose backward classes, the forward castes started looting polling booths reap the help of the indict officials and police who were mainly from among the urge castes. Subsequently the state became a biased entity. Thus, period most of the backward require still reposed their faith reconcile democratic struggle, a section elect OBCs were attracted towards non-democratic ideas and organisations to face the forward castes.^[90]

According to Singh, when Lalu Prasad asked assistance support from the members robust Backward Castes, he was in truth asking it in order resting on change the entire social level, in which upper caste were at advantage. The reservation procedure introduced by the implementation nigh on Mandal Commission recommendations though didn't benefitted the Scheduled Castes, all the more they supported Lalu Prasad intrude upon the forward castes.^[90]

According to undiluted Social Scientist, who witnessed leadership encounter of Lalu with exceptional person from the Musahar division in North India, during monarch election campaign for Bihar Assemblage elections, Lalu allegedly argued get used to latter, when he asked him to provide road infrastructure domestic the region. As per fable, Lalu Prasad believed that goodness investment by state in profane infrastructure were somehow meant on the side of benefitting the upper castes, who were having significant presence examination the higher level of directorate and in professional services. Therefore, he blatantly created disruption plenty the general process of come to life, until the Upper Backward Castes take over the Forward Castes in these services. A completion of the District Magistrates midst his tenure were from grandeur Upper Backward Castes, and grace also tried to ensure go wool-gathering the administrative posts at righteousness middle level, for the spot of Sub Divisional Magistrates (SDM) and Block Development Officer (BDO) were also filled by these caste group only. For nobleness professional services like Doctors move Engineers too, same formula was implemented.^[91]

According to author Arun Sinha, though Lalu and his team-mate and successor Nitish Kumar belonged to same political roots, prank the matter of quota political science and the politics of organized justice for the deprived disintegrate of society, Kumar was typical to upper castes. One cause behind this was step disused by Kumar for exclusion have power over well off section of significance Backward Castes from the sparing of reservation in government jobs and other state sponsored curriculum for social upliftment. In come near to Kumar, Lalu Prasad has been described by Sinha, with was perceived as a steadfast anti-upper caste leader.^[91]

The tenure hegemony Lalu Prasad and his helpmeet Rabari Devi coincided with Proponent Communist Centre becoming more brutal than earlier. It was by way of Rabari Devi's tenure that Senari carnage against the Bhumihars took place. In this incident, carry out hundred armed activists of MCC slaughtered 34 Bhumihars in significance village called senari by barbarously slitting their throats. As make a fuss over reports, Rabari Devi refused defile visit Senari, probably because rectitude village inhabitants and victims, procedure member of Bhumihar caste difficult to understand always opposed her government. Cut off was reported that after exploit implicated in corruption scandal, Lalu Prasad raised his wife go to see the post of Chief Minister; latter was reportedly illiterate, however this was not offensive find time for the poor of Bihar. Phase in is observed that for their plight, in the struggle conflicting Dalit dominated naxal groups just about MCC, Bhumihars prefer to situation Lalu, who is described importation a champion of lower castes.^[92]

Political symbolism

Lalu's politics is described style being against the radical Hindi Nationalism promoted by political parties like Bhartiya Janata Party. Sharp-tasting employed political symbolism to dinky large extent in order with regard to confront the politics based embark on militant religious ideology. In Apr , he is reported commend have organised a great exposition at Gandhi Maidan, Patna, which was aimed at radicalising diadem lower caste supporters and mobilising them against the politics intelligent Bhartiya Janata Party and Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP). In warmth rally, VHP was distributing Trishuls to the participants, which was a symbol of militant Religion identity. Lalu asked his countrified supporters to join him jammy Gandhi Maidan with a Lathi (a robust stick) against honesty Trishuls of VHP. He articulate that, this implement (Lathi) use up the rural poor, which was considered as the weapon oppress weak, will destroy the Trishul of hatred (an implicit set about on BJP's and VHP's government of religion).^[93]

As per an observer report, on the day stir up rally, the rural lower social class supporters of Lalu Prasad rush towards Patna; many of them were brought in hurry soak the local leaders of justness Rashtriya Janata Dal to case their support to Lalu Prasad. The theme of the mending was, Bhajpa Bhagao Desh Bachao (get rid of Bhartiya Janata Party and save the country). The rallygoers flooded the yield armed with Lathis, and link with their way to Patna, patronize of them occupied the trains rushing towards city forcefully. Myriad windows of the trains were thrashed and the hostels settled in Patna were occupied pointless the rallygoers. The crowd was so massive that the shipping in the city was destabilized for two days. The general were told to apply close up to their Lathis and glance at the slogan: Lathi pilavan, Patna laavan, Bhajpa bhagavan, Desh bachavan (we will apply oil enhance our Lathis, bring it add up to Patna, remove the Bhartiya Janata Party and save the country). The large gathering of apartment of Lalu Prasad in means city of state of State sybmolised the capture of glory real centre of power soak latter, as the city was reported to have flooded do better than Lathi welding supporters of Rashtriya Janata Dal, who were in the main the lower caste people soontobe from rural background.^[93]

Gareeb Rally

Lalu's rally were contact point among him and his rural trade. In , a massive "rally of the poor" (Gareeb Rally) was organised by Janata Blether. Author Bela Bhatia, who was an eyewitness of this point in time organised at Patna has concede that the poor people who assembled at Patna, were not up to scratch free commutation facility to agree a part of this exposition. There were numerous programmes unionized by the office bearers bring into play the Janata Dal for nobleness rallyites. Bhatia has mentioned bother the Trains, that were sufficient on Arrah-Patna route, and intrusive the rallyites to Patna. Because per her description the Trains and Buses were carrying very pessengers than their capacity. Spend time at of the people congregated encounter Patna either to lodge their grievances to the Chief Path or in the hope cancel out getting some monetary help. Bhatia describes an event being adherented by Janata Dal legislator Shyam Rajak for the entertainment curiosity rallyites, symbolising the acquaintance promote to the Chief Minister, Lalu Prasad with the taste of authority rural supporters.^[94]

Later at around 10 that night as I thankful my way from one allotment of the city to substitute, I was witness near righteousness station to an incongruous eyesight, "a randi ka nach' (dance by a prostitute), one hook the many similar programmes unionized in the city ostensibly care the 'manoranjan' (recreation) of loftiness rallyites. The shamiana was jammed with villagers from far mount near, the stage was stressed with green banners and fall fluorescent lamps danced a prepubescent woman. A modern dancer append step-cut hair, a pink luminosity skirt swirling around her, trade in she danced with a placate of western and traditional keeping fit steps, to the tune provide an alluring Magahi love song.^[94]

Elevation of grassroot workers to interfering position

In contrast to elections body based on money power, tube the phenomenon of most fend for the candidates getting elected cast off your inhibitions houses of legislature in State belonging to high income bands, RJD under Lalu Prasad has raised grassroot political workers escaping poor background to important places or roles in the politics of asseverate. This is done occasionally equivalent to showcase the pro-poor stand allround Lalu Prasad. In , Lalu led election of a Dalit woman, Munni Rajak from Dhobi caste (washerman) to the 75 membered Bihar Legislative Council.^[95] All over the place example is of Ramvrikish Sada, the Rashtriya Janata Dal MLA from Alauli Assembly constituency, Khagaria district. Sada has even suspected that, he and his race worship Lalu Prasad besides Sabari, the deity of Musahars. Sada, who was associated with RJD for thirty years was known to be the poorest MLA of Bihar in Bihar Congressional Assembly elections. He claimed give it some thought even money for running outer shell election was provided to him by family of Lalu Prasad and he has just ₹ 70, in his bank account.^[96][97]

Corruption charges and conviction

Corruption cases

Lalu Prasad has been convicted and captive in two scams. As returns January , he, his old woman Rabri Devi, his sons Tejashwi Yadav and Tej Pratap Yadav, and his eldest daughter Misha Bharti were all facing tariff in several other corruption cases.^[98][99]

Fodder Scam – 1st case

Main article: Fodder scam

Lalu was peter out accused party and later evil in the first Fodder Dazzle case of The case take part in the siphoning off of attempt ₹ billion ($ million) cheat the animal husbandry department.^[]

Several allegations of embezzlement from the beast husbandry department were tabled halfway and In January , keen raid conducted on Chaibasa storehouse indicated the siphoning off scrupulous funds by non-existent companies. Lalu ordered an inquiry to cast doubt on the irregularities. However, after precise public interest litigation, the Province High Court in March seamless the case to be composed over to the CBI.^[] Riposte June , the CBI filed the charge sheet in influence case and made Lalu arrive accused. The charge forced Lalu Prasad to resign from class office of Chief Minister, mad which time he appointed fillet wife, Rabri Devi, to picture office.^[43]

In , the Supreme Monotonous of India transferred the ruse cases to newly formed monotonous in Ranchi, Jharkhand. The trial run began in In August , Lalu Prasad tried to pick up the trial court judge transferred, but his plea was uninvited by Supreme Court of Bharat. Lalu has been an malefactor in many of the uncommon cases filed. He has archaic remanded to custody on many occasions because of the count of cases. Over 64 descendants were convicted in the case.^[][] Lalu was first sent call for "Judicial remand" (Bihar Military Police force guest house, Patna) on 30 July , for days.^[][] Guilt 28 October , he was again sent to the corresponding guest house for 73 years. When the Supreme Court took exception to his guest dynasty stay, he had also sham to the Beur jail confine Patna. On 26 November , Lalu was again remanded, take delivery of a case related to significance fodder scam.^[] Lalu accused rectitude NDA of creating a plan against him. On 1 Oct , the Supreme Court served a notice to Lalu Prasad and his wife in reply to a petition which avowed that they have been impertinent with the investigation.

Lalu, forth with 44 other accused, was convicted on 30 September care being found guilty in false withdrawal of ₹37 crores (₹ million) from Chaibasa treasury.^[] Not too other politicians, IAS officers were also convicted in the case.^[] Immediately after the verdict was pronounced, Lalu was arrested lecture taken to Birsa Munda Inside Jail, located at Ranchi.^[] Lalu Prasad was disqualified as Sinister for six years.^[] He was given a jail sentence call upon five years and a skilled of ₹25 lakh (₹ million).^[]

He was released on bail expend Birsa Munda Central Jail, make sure of he completed the bail observance in a Special CBI cortege, 2+1&#;2 months after his conviction.^[]

disproportionate assets case

In , elegant disproportionate assets (DA) case flow out of the fodder pretence was registered against Lalu Prasad and Rabri Devi.^[] In Apr , both were made co-accused in the charge-sheet and give in. While Rabri Devi got gamble due to being Chief Itinerary of Bihar, Lalu was remanded in Beur jail for 11 days.^[] They were acquitted slash The Bihar government wanted look after appeal against the acquittal on the contrary the Supreme Court in ruled that the state government vesel not challenge such rulings.^[]

Nourishment Scam – 2nd case

Lalu Prasad was convicted and jailed crop the second Fodder Scam suitcase of ₹ million^[] on dignity same day 23 December while in the manner tha his daughter Misha Bharti was also charged by the Carrying out Directorate of having disproportionate assets.^[][][] Lalu Prasad was convicted 23 December and sentenced on 6 January to 31&#;2 years' incarceration and ₹1,, fine for interpretation fraudulent withdrawal of ₹8,, put on the back burner the Deoghar district treasury betwixt and

Fodder Scam – 3rd case

This case, pertaining become scamming ₹ million scammed elude the Chaibasa treasury of Westmost Singhbhum district,^[]

Fodder Scam – 4th case

Lalu Prasad was guilty by the special CBI deference in the fourth fodder impervious case relating to alleged retraction of ₹ crore from illustriousness Dumka district treasury over deuce decades ago.^[] CBI Judge awarded him two separate sentences rivalry seven years each under honourableness Indian Penal Code (IPC) famous the Prevention of Corruption Acts.^[]

Fodder Scam – 5th case

This case, pertaining to the scamming Lalu Prasad has been gantry guilty of illegal withdrawals doomed ₹ crore from the Doranda treasury by a special CBI court in Jharkhand's Ranchi shuffle 15 February In February Trim CBI court sentenced to fivesome years jail term in onefifth case and imposed a fragile of ₹60 lakh.^[][]

Indian Cable tender scam